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Christine Messmer
Certified Financial Planner®

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Welcome to our research center! We've put together a library of information on important financial topics that we believe you'll find helpful.

Simply click on one of the general financial topics below and you'll find a selection of easy-to-understand information sheets about related financial concepts and strategies. This information is updated regularly to reflect the latest facts, figures, legislation, and economic trends.

Tax Planning

Many traditional tax-advantaged investment strategies have gone away, but there are still some alternatives.

Estates & Trusts

Sole ownership, joint tenancy, tenancy in common, and community property have special benefits for property owners.

Estates & Trusts

Life insurance can be used to help preserve the value of your estate for your heirs.

Tax Planning

Required minimum distribution is the annual amount that must be withdrawn from a qualified retirement plan/account.

Estates & Trusts

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of different gifting strategies available for planned giving.

Tax Planning

A 1035 exchange allows you to exchange your life insurance policy for one from another company without tax liability.

Estates & Trusts

Charitable lead trusts are designed for people who would like to benefit a charity now rather than later.

Cash Management

Historically, one of the best ways to fight the effects of inflation has been to utilize growth-oriented investments.

Estates & Trusts

A living trust can help control the distribution of your estate upon death.

Cash Management

There are numerous investment alternatives available to help provide liquidity.

Cash Management

There are techniques that can enable older homeowners to use their property to finance their lifestyle.

Cash Management

Before making investment decisions, it is helpful to determine the real rate of return on the investment.

Estates & Trusts

Careful estate planning is still one of the most important ways to manage and protect your assets for your heirs.

Cash Management

Biweekly mortgage payments can have a dramatic effect on the amount of interest homeowners have to pay.

Cash Management

Here are some smart ways to refinance your home.

Cash Management

A sound cash management program uses a disciplined approach: accounting, analysis, allocation, and adjustment.

Tax Planning

With traditional IRAs and most employer-sponsored retirement plans, taxes are not payable until funds are withdrawn.

Cash Management

Short-term cash management instruments can help you establish a sound cash management program.

Tax Planning

United States tax law is a constantly changing landscape. The latest major piece of tax legislation is the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.

Cash Management

Money market funds can be a highly liquid and effective cash management tool.

Investing

With closed-end funds, investors pool their money together to purchase a professionally managed portfolio of stocks and/or bonds.

Tax Planning

Everything you own, whatever the form of ownership, is subject to federal, and possibly state, estate taxes.

Risk Management

There are three basic types of medical insurance plans: fee-for-service, managed care, and high-deductible health plan.

Risk Management

Variable life insurance gives you the control to allocate your account value among a variety of investment options.

Investing

The difference between purchasing an individual stock versus shares in a mutual fund to potentially earn dividends.

Investing

Understanding different types of investment risk can help investors manage their money more effectively.

Investing

Stock market indexes can be useful benchmarks for gauging the performance of an investment portfolio over time.

Retirement

Qualified Roth IRA distributions in retirement are free of federal income tax and aren’t included in gross income.

Tax Planning

Capital gains are profits realized from the sale of assets; a tax is triggered only when an asset is sold, not held.

Tax Planning

While stable, CDs can create an income tax bill. Fixed annuities and municipal bonds can offer tax advantages.

Estates & Trusts

A designated income beneficiary could receive payment of a specified amount from a charitable remainder trust.

Estates & Trusts

If you believe your estate will be subject to estate taxes, consider how your heirs will pay the bill.

Tax Planning

For the grantor, there are a few potential tax benefits that can come with setting up a charitable trust.

Estates & Trusts

Wills and trusts allow you to spell out how you would like your property distributed, but they also go beyond that.

Tax Planning

Consider a trustee-to-trustee transfer to an IRA versus a lump-sum distribution from a workplace retirement plan.

Tax Planning

There can be a substantial benefit to deferring taxes as long as possible.

Risk Management

To help you choose insurance wisely, determine how much coverage and what kind of policy is best for your situation.

Risk Management

Consider a universal life insurance policy if you want the flexibility to change your premium or death benefit.

Risk Management

The odds of needing long-term care increase as you age. Prior planning can help protect you from financial ruin.

Risk Management

Using a financially sound insurance company is an important part of ensuring your family’s financial security.

Risk Management

Some of the pros and cons of whole life insurance.

Estates & Trusts

If you haven't taken steps already, consider planning now for the distribution of the assets of your estate.

Tax Planning

IRAs and employer-sponsored retirement plans are subject to annual contribution limits set by the federal government.

Tax Planning

Changes to the tax code have left a few key deductions for itemizers, like medical, dental and some business expenses.

Cash Management

Shifting some debt to a home equity loan, which typically allows interest payments to be tax deductible, could have its advantages.

Tax Planning

Tax-deferred retirement account withdrawals before age 59½ generally trigger a 10% federal tax penalty.

Retirement

Tax-deferred retirement plans for self-employed individuals have higher contribution limits than IRAs.

Risk Management

Medicare is the federal health insurance program for those persons age 65 and over. But what does it cover?

Investing

Asset allocation is a method used to help manage investment risk; it does not guarantee a profit or protect against investment loss.

Investing

Bond ratings gauge a bond issuer’s financial ability to repay its promised principal and interest payments.

Cash Management

It's important to understand the options, such as financial aid grant programs, when having to pay for college.

Risk Management

Several factors could undermine the financial security provided by the proceeds of your life insurance policy.

Investing

Both fixed and variable annuities could be appropriate options for an individual interested in purchasing an annuity.

Retirement

Many realize it’s important to save for retirement, but knowing exactly how much to save is another issue altogether.

Risk Management

If you have a family who relies on your income, it is important to have life insurance protection.

Risk Management

Property and casualty insurance can help protect a variety of assets. Find out what it does and doesn’t cover.

Retirement

A SEP IRA is a type of plan under which the employer contributes (up to a certain limit) to an employee’s IRA.

Investing

A bond ladder is a strategy involving the purchase of bonds that have staggered maturity dates.

Risk Management

Company-owned life insurance is one way to help protect a business from financial problems caused by the death of a key employee.

Tax Planning

It's important to understand tax-exempt vehicles when establishing a comprehensive tax planning strategy.

Estates & Trusts

The probate process can be lengthy and complex. There are strategies you can use to help avoid the probate process.

Estates & Trusts

A wealth replacement trust could be used to gift appreciated assets to a charity as well as provide for heirs.

Tax Planning

The federal gift tax applies to gifts of property or money while the donor is living.

Estates & Trusts

An A-B trust can be an effective way to help reduce estate taxes and preserve family assets for heirs.

Estates & Trusts

To retain the tax advantages associated with charitable giving, your gift must be made to a qualified organization.

Retirement

An indexed annuity may provide some upside potential and downside protection.

Investing

There are several funding methods for a child's college education including mutual funds and Section 529 plans.

Investing

Dollar-cost averaging involves investing a set amount of money on a regular basis, regardless of market conditions.

Investing

A bond is simply evidence of a debt from a government entity or a corporation and represents a long-term IOU.

Investing

Bonds are issued by many entities and share many characteristics, each type of bond has certain benefits and risks.

Investing

An important element to successful investing is to manage investment risk while maintaining the potential for growth.

Retirement

401(k) employer-sponsored retirement plans have many benefits, including that the funds accumulate tax-deferred.

Investing

529 plans are tax-advantaged savings plans that generally allow people of any income level to contribute.

Retirement

If you start saving for retirement sooner, the more money you are likely to accumulate and possibly retire sooner.

Retirement

With the changing pension landscape, it is important to take charge of your own retirement security.

Risk Management

When selecting a life insurance policy, examine all your options, as well as the positives and negatives of each type.

Retirement

A Roth 401(k) is funded with after-tax money, and allows for tax- and penalty-free withdrawal of earnings if requirements are met.

Retirement

A Section 1035 exchange is a tax-free exchange of an existing annuity contract or life insurance policy for a new one.

Investing

The labels growth and value reflect different approaches that can be used when making investment decisions.

Investing

It’s important to understand mutual fund loads, or sales charges, and exactly what they entail so you can make informed investing decisions.

Investing

Mutual fund taxes can be cumbersome, but there are ways to help mitigate the amount of taxes you may owe.

Retirement

A split-annuity strategy can generate immediate income while potentially stretching some retirement savings.

Cash Management

There are a number of savings alternatives that could help you earn a reasonable rate of return.

Estates & Trusts

One estate planning strategy that families with closely held businesses could consider is the family limited partnership.

Risk Management

Consider additional liability insurance to help protect you from the potentially devastating effects of liability lawsuits.

Tax Planning

Want to keep more of your mutual fund profits? You may be interested in strategies to help lower your tax liability.

Retirement

When receiving money accumulated in your employer-sponsored retirement plan, you have two options: lump sum or annuity.

Risk Management

Couples who want to help protect their legacy from estate taxes could consider last-survivor life insurance.

Retirement

If you leave a job or retire, you should consider your options regarding your employer retirement plan assets.

Risk Management

Split-dollar life insurance is an arrangement to purchase and fund life insurance between two parties.

Investing

Starting to invest early for college and remaining consistent can help investors reach their goals.

Risk Management

As a business owner, a disability can create an economic hardship putting both your personal finances and business at risk.

Retirement

Greater demand is being placed on the Social Security system as the baby boom generation has begun to retire.

Retirement

The Social Security Administration’s retirement estimator gives estimates of your future benefits based on your actual Social Security earnings record.

Risk Management

Even if your state doesn’t require certain types of auto insurance, it may be wise to purchase multiple types to ensure you are covered for a variety of situations.

Risk Management

Since your home is one of your greatest assets, you should make sure it is adequately protected. That's where homeowners insurance enters the picture.

Retirement

Employer-sponsored retirement plans are more important than ever, but managing the assets can be confusing.

Investing

There are other ways to invest in stocks and bonds besides owning individual shares or bonds.

Investing

Before investing in stocks, it is important to understand some of the basics and the risks involved in owning stocks.

Retirement

Profit-sharing plans give employees a share in the profits of a company and can help to fund their retirements.

Risk Management

Term life insurance differs from permanent forms of life insurance in that it offers temporary protection.

Risk Management

Selecting health insurance is often one of the most important decisions you will make. Do you know the different types?

Risk Management

When it is time to make an insurance claim, it helps if you are familiar with your policies and the steps you should take to file a claim.

Risk Management

Knowing the basics of a disability income insurance policy is a good first step toward protecting your family.

Risk Management

If you were to suffer an illness or disability that required long-term nursing care, would you be covered?

Investing

An annuity is a flexible financial vehicle that can help protect against the risk of living a long time because it provides an option for a lifetime income.

Retirement

If you do not participate in an employer-sponsored retirement plan, you might consider a traditional IRA.

Retirement

There are a variety of retirement planning options that could help meet your needs. Here are some of the most popular.

Investing

A mutual fund is a collection of stocks, bonds, and other securities with certain benefits and risks.

Investing

There are five broad asset classes that you should take into consideration when constructing your investment portfolio.

Investing

One attractive feature of an annuity is tax-deferral but qualified and non-qualified annuities are taxed differently.

Retirement

The SIMPLE plan may appeal to small business owners as it is easy to set up, administer, and allows for a tax deduction.

Retirement

Allocating too much of your retirement investments to one company, even your own, can be a risky proposition.

Retirement

A money purchase plan is a retirement plan where employer contributions are based on a fixed percentage of compensation.

Investing

It's important to understand the strengths and weaknesses of common stock versus preferred stock.

Investing

It is important to understand how dividends (taxable payments to shareholders) fit with your long-term goals.

Investing

Zero-coupon bonds represent a type of bond that does not pay interest during the life of the bond.

Investing

ETFs have unique attributes and attempt to track all types of indexes, industries, or commodities.

Risk Management

A business owner policy is an insurance package that assembles the basic coverages required by a business owner in one bundle.

Retirement

There are key dates after you turn 59½ that can impact your taxes, Medicare eligibility, and retirement benefits.

Retirement

Annuities, an insurance-based financial vehicle, can provide many benefits that retirement investors might want.

Risk Management

An annuity is a contract between you and an insurance company to pay you future income in exchange for premiums you pay.

Retirement

A 403(b) plan is a tax-deferred retirement savings plan that can only be offered by a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt entity.

Retirement

Living benefits can help protect variable annuity owners from running out of money in retirement.

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